Melasma can categorise into three main types based on the level of increased melanin in the skin.
- Epidermal melasma: This type of melasma affects the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) and is characterised by light brown patches. Epidermal melasma is the most responsive to treatment and may improve with topical medications and sun protection.
- Dermal melasma: Dermal melasma affects the deeper layer of the skin (dermis) and is characterised by blue-grey patches. This type of melasma is more challenging to treat and may require more aggressive therapies, such as สมัคร ufabet กับเรา รับโบนัสทันที chemical peels or laser treatments.
- Mixed melasma: Mixed melasma is the most common type and involves both the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin. It may present with a combination of light brown and blue-grey patches, and treatment often requires a multi-faceted approach.
Melasma can appear on various areas of the body, but it most commonly affects the face, particularly the cheeks, forehead, nose bridge, chin, and upper lip. It can also appear on other sun-exposed areas, such as the neck, arms, back, and forearms.
Symptoms of Melasma
The most common symptoms of melasma include:
- Hyperpigmentation: Hyperpigmentation is characterised by the appearance of discoloured patches of skin that are noticeably darker than the surrounding areas. These patches can vary in size and shape, often developing gradually over time.
- Discoloured patches of skin: The affected patches are usually brown or grey in colour and have well-defined borders, making them distinct from the surrounding skin. These patches can appear on various areas of the body, though they are most commonly found on the face.
- Uneven skin tone: Melasma can lead to an overall uneven skin tone, with the affected areas appearing darker than the rest of the skin. This unevenness can be particularly noticeable in certain lighting conditions, which may affect an individual’s confidence and self-esteem.
Causes of Melasma
Melasma is a complex skin condition caused by various factors that lead to an increase in melanin production by overactive melanocytes in the skin. These include:
- Sun exposure: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a primary trigger for melasma. The sun’s rays stimulate melanin production in the skin, leading to the formation of dark patches.
- Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations are a significant factor in melasma development. This condition is commonly observed during pregnancy, known as the “mask of pregnancy.” Hormonal treatments, such as birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy, can also exacerbate melasma.
- Genetics: A genetic predisposition plays a critical role in melasma. Individuals with a family history of the condition are at a higher risk of developing it themselves.
- Skin type: Melasma is more prevalent in individuals with darker skin tones, particularly those of Latin, Asian, or Middle Eastern descent. This susceptibility is link to higher melanin levels in these skin types.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as anti-seizure medications, birth control pills, and those that increase the skin’s sensitivity to sunlight, can trigger melasma by altering hormonal levels or making the skin more susceptible to UV damage.
- Skin irritation: Irritation from harsh skincare products, chemical peels, or laser treatment. Can trigger melasma in individuals who are already predisposed to the condition.
- Environmental factors: Factors such as pollution and stress may also exacerbate melasma symptoms, contributing to the overall condition.
Understanding these causes is crucial for developing effective treatment and prevention strategies for melasma.